


Perceptive Security
SOC/SIEM Consultancy

Trojanized npm Packages Decode C2 IP From Ethereum Recipient Addresses
Published:
5 augustus 2026 om 13:41:27
Alert date:
5 augustus 2026 om 15:01:49
Source:
thehackernews.com
Supply Chain & Dependencies, Ransomware & Malware, Emerging Technologies, Web Technologies
Cybersecurity researchers have identified an evolution of the EtherHiding blockchain-based C2 technique, now dubbed NullReceiver. The new approach conceals C2 server IP addresses within fabricated destination addresses of empty Ethereum transfers. Two trojanized npm packages, 'bianira-ui' and 'fluid-type-ui', were observed using this dead drop resolver method. The technique leverages blockchain immutability and decentralization to make C2 infrastructure harder to detect and block. This represents a sophisticated supply chain attack targeting the npm ecosystem, combining blockchain obfuscation with malicious package distribution.
Technical details
Two trojanized npm packages ('bianira-ui' and 'fluid-type-ui') implement a new blockchain-based dead drop resolver technique called NullReceiver, which is an evolution of the EtherHiding C2 concealment method. Instead of embedding C2 server information in smart contract calldata or transaction payloads, NullReceiver encodes the C2 IP address directly within the bytes of the recipient (destination) address of a zero-value, zero-data Ethereum transfer. The malware looks up a hard-coded attacker wallet address (0xa322e5f3d311d3080e6f0121063e9adc2490ef1a), retrieves the most recent outbound transaction, reads the destination address, and decodes the C2 IP by converting the first four bytes from hexadecimal to decimal notation. For example, the destination address '0xa658863ea658863e68656c6c6f6970626f742121' yields the C2 IP '166.88.134[.]62' from the first four bytes 'a658863e', while trailing bytes '68656c6c6f6970626f742121' decode to the ASCII string 'helloipbot!!'. This approach eliminates the need for smart contracts and calldata, making transactions cheaper, harder to fingerprint, and resistant to takedowns. Every lookup uses a brand-new throwaway destination address, eliminating fixed, watchable targets. The packages were published on July 28, 2026, with 68 transactions recorded since July 27, 2026. The campaign is linked to North Korea's Contagious Interview operation, which uses LinkedIn job lures to trick targets into executing malware.
Mitigation steps:
1. Remove any instances of the npm packages 'bianira-ui' and 'fluid-type-ui' from all projects and environments immediately. 2. Audit npm dependencies for packages uploaded by users 'npmuser1101' and 'npmuser3002'. 3. Block outbound connections to the C2 IP address 166.88.134[.]62 at the network/firewall level. 4. Monitor for outbound Ethereum blockchain API calls (e.g., to Etherscan or Web3 providers) originating from application processes, especially querying wallet address 0xa322e5f3d311d3080e6f0121063e9adc2490ef1a. 5. Implement software composition analysis (SCA) tools to detect malicious or newly published packages before installation. 6. Apply strict npm package vetting, preferring packages with established histories and verified publishers. 7. Monitor for zero-value Ethereum transactions with no calldata as a potential indicator of NullReceiver-style C2 lookups. 8. Educate developers about Contagious Interview-style LinkedIn job lures used by DPRK threat actors to distribute malware. 9. Scan previously installed node_modules directories for obfuscated blockchain lookup code patterns. 10. Consider using network egress filtering to block unauthorized access to Ethereum node APIs and blockchain explorers from production and development environments.
Affected products:
bianira-ui (npm package
published July 28
2026
109 downloads)
fluid-type-ui (npm package
published July 28
2026
587 downloads)
Related links:
https://opensourcemalware.com/blog/nullreceiver-dprk-c2-technique
https://npm-stat.com/charts.html?package=bianira-ui
https://npm-stat.com/charts.html?package=fluid-type-ui
https://thehackernews.com/2023/10/binances-smart-chain-exploited-in-new.html
https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/smart-contracts/
https://crypto.com/en/glossary/calldata
https://thehackernews.com/2025/10/north-korean-hackers-use-etherhiding-to.html
https://thehackernews.com/2026/07/dprk-linked-macos-malvertising-uses.html
https://etherscan.io/address/0xa322e5f3d311d3080e6f0121063e9adc2490ef1a
https://etherscan.io/address/0xa658863ea658863e68656c6c6f6970626f742121
Related CVE's:
Related threat actors:
IOC's:
npm package: bianira-ui, npm package: fluid-type-ui, npm user: npmuser1101, npm user: npmuser3002, Ethereum wallet address: 0xa322e5f3d311d3080e6f0121063e9adc2490ef1a, Ethereum destination address: 0xa658863ea658863e68656c6c6f6970626f742121, C2 IP address: 166.88.134[.]62, ASCII marker string in address bytes: helloipbot!!
This article was created with the assistance of AI technology by Perceptive.
